成昆铁路穿行于地形险峻的崇山峻岭,沿线断裂、褶皱发育,新构造运动活跃,地震烈度高,差异风化严重,岩体破碎、山坡不稳,发育有规模巨大的滑坡、泥石流、崩塌落石、岩堆,广泛分布含盐地层和工程地质特性特殊的成都黏土(膨胀土)、昔格达组、龙街层、元谋组。此外,沿线水文地质条件也极为复杂,含盐、芒硝、石膏地层中的地下水,有强烈的硫酸盐侵蚀。因此,该线素有“地质博物馆”之称。 Chengdu-Kunming Railway runs through steep and rugged terrain along the mountains, with ruptures and folds along the fault line, active neotectonic movement, high seismic intensity, serious difference in weathering, rock mass crushing and hillside instability, large-scale landslides, debris flows, landslides and rocks Heap, widely distributed in salt formations and engineering geology special Chengdu clay (expansive soil), Xigeda group, Long Street, Yuanmou group. In addition, the hydrogeological conditions along the route are also extremely complex. Groundwater in salt, Glauber’s salt, gypsum formations has intense sulfate attack. Therefore, this element is called “Geological Museum”.