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Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy.Methods A total of 43 patients(28 males and 15 females; age range,35~68years; mean age,53years)underwent retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy from 2007.6 ~2011.12.Of the 43 cases,35 were detected by B-ultrasound during physical examination and the rest 8,when visiting doctors due to painless hematuria.