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In recent years several factors (climate change,unpredictably weather conditions,water shortage,energy crisis and environmental pollution) lead to an increase of agriculture production under protected environments,such as greenhouses.Nowadays,the main challenge of greenhouse industry is its sustainability,i.e to increase the production efficiency and to reduce its environmental impact.Construction improvements and development of new greenhouse types and several techniques and methods,such as use of computers,sensors and models for climate and crop control,higher levels of CO2 dosing etc.can increase the sustainability index of greenhouse industry.An overview of the recent scientific and technical advances on issues concerning the greenhouse microclimate,control and management is presented and discussed with focus on Mediterranean greenhouses.The main greenhouse climate control systems presented and discussed are the heating,dehumidification,ventilation,shading and cooling systems.These systems are the most widely used for greenhouse climate control especially in the Mediterranean area.The prospective and needs for future research and development in greenhouse climate control are presented in the conclusion.