The Philippines has a long history of species introduction which were done intentionally to augment food production,assist reforestation and horticultural practices and enhance recreation and aesthetic appreciation.Nowadays,all types of habitats including protected areas harbor a large number of exotic species of plants and animals many of which were listed among the worlds worst invasive alien species.While many exotic species were reported to adversely affect biodiversity,there is very little information to quantify their impacts and most of the reports remain to be speculative and not scientifically or rigorously studied.