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《维也纳领事关系公约》规定了领事关系的基本制度和规则,公约第36条规定了领事通知权的内容。就该权利的性质,各国存在不同的认识,形成了不同的做法。从国际法的理论和实践看,领事通知权已经被认为是一项个人权利,各国都有义务在实践中对当事人的权利给予尊重和保护。针对违反领事通知权的案件,接受国有义务采取一定的救济手段,保护当事人的权利,履行公约义务。就我国而言,正在制定领事保护的立法,建立领事保护机制,因此在目前研究领事通知权的内容,探讨如何有效履行国际法义务,对于完善我国相关立法,丰富我国的领事保护实践具有重要的意义。
The Vienna Convention on Consular Relations provides for the basic consular relations and rules, and Article 36 of the Convention sets forth the content of consular notification. As far as the nature of the right is concerned, different understandings exist in different countries and different approaches have taken shape. Judging from the theory and practice of international law, the consular notification right has been considered as an individual right and all countries have the obligation to respect and protect the rights of the parties in practice. In case of violation of consular notice right, the receiving state is obliged to take certain remedial measures to protect the rights of the parties and fulfill its obligations under the convention. For our country, consular protection legislation is being enacted and the consular protection mechanism is established. Therefore, studying the content of the consular notification right and discussing how to effectively fulfill the obligations of international law are of great significance for improving our country’s relevant legislation and enriching the consular protection in our country .