Charged single molecules of DNA can be detected and characterized with a voltage-biased solid-state nanopore immersed in an electrolyte solution.This has stimulated intense research towards understanding and utilizing this nano-device for the analysis of a wide variety of charged polymer molecules, and for the ultimate goal: DNA sequencing.As one of its fundamental challenges,DNA translocation speed through solid-state nanopores (~30 base/s) is too fast for instruments to "read" each base signal compared to their protein counterparts.