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Several application oriented routes for innovative functional nanofillers offer interesting potentials to impart taylored properties to elastomeric materials.By making use of ,,in-situ"formed cellulose nano-fibers, ,,in-situ" dispersed and exfoliated pristine layered silicates,electrospun carbon-fibers and carbon-nanotubes the compounder can develop a new elastomers that exploits the advantages of their high surface specific area and their high anisometry (aspect ratio).Depending on their type the nanofillers can be incorporated in the rubber matrix by conventional mechanical mixing or by latex compounding.If compared to elastomers filled with conventional fillers the basic mechanical properties show a high level of reinforcement at far less filler volume fractions.The same scaling laws are obeyed but the percolation thresholds above of which the scaling laws are valid are shifted systematically to smaller concentrations.The percolation threshold is governed primarily by interfacial tension and the anisometry of the filler.Spatial orientation of fillers with high-aspect ratio lead to beneficial anisotropic effects especially in transport phenomena that are not known from conventional fillers.can be exploited for mechanical applications and transport phenomena.