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Objective To investigate the changes of synaptic plasticity in the outer part of rat retina and whether GABAergic neurons being involved in following acute high intraocular pressure (HIOP).Methods The intraocular pressure of all left eyes was increased until b wave of flash electroretinogragh (fERG) disappeared and such pressure maintained for 60 min.All right eyes served as normal control.The SD rats were sacrificed respectively on hour 2, 6, 12 or day 1, 3, 7, 14 following operation.Immunofluorescent staining and western blot were used to detect the expression of SYN and GABA.Results In the outer part of retina, SYN was mainly located in the outer plexiform layer (OPL) in normal condition.After HIOP 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d and 7 d, SYN positive products were extended to the inner part of the outer nuclear layer (ONL).The expression of SYN in the outer part of retina was similar to the normal condition 14 d after HIOP.GABA was mainly located in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and the inner part of OPL in normal condition.After HIOP 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d and 7 d, GABA expression in OPL was downregulated, while upregulated in INL.On the 7th day, there was silkiness positive product in ONL, which was not double-staining with SYN.Till the 14th day after HIOP, the positive product was decreased.Conclusion There is synaptic plasticity in rat OPL and ONL following HIOP insult, GABA positive neuron may not participate directly in this process.