Enzymatic biofuel cells,a special kind of fuel cells using enzymes rather than conventional noble metals as catalysts through the bioelectrocatalytical means,provide a versatile means to generate electrical power from environmentally friendly biomass or biofuels.Biofuel cells are low-cost and active in moderate conditions (e.g.near-neutral pH and room temperature) and are therefore viewed as a potential green energy technology compared to conventional fuel cells.However,the development of enzymatic biofuel cells is still in its early days.Compared to conventional fuel cells,research on enzymatic biofuel cells are still in the fundamental research stage because of their low stability and power output.Electrodes biocatalytically modified with enzymes are the key for performance of biofuel cells.Rational choice of electrode material and tailoring are critical in circumventing such challenges.These carbon-based materials have many technological advantages such as facile modification by functional groups,high chemical stability,good biocompatibility,robust mechanical strength,and feasibility of incorporating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances.These characteristics make carbon materials promising for the development of enzyme electrodes and therefore for the construction of biofuel cells.Herein we show some examples which employ carbon materials,such as carbon nanotubes,carbon nanotube fibers,and carbon spheres as the electrode materials for the construction of biofuel cells.The newly constructured biofuel cells operating in physiological conditions exhibits enhanced power and stability[1-9].