The treatment of contaminated and infected bone defects remains an intractable problem and the ideal approach is to control infection and repair the bone defect at the same time.Thus,it is necessary to develop an osteoconductive bone graft composite with antibiotic and growth factor release capabilities as well as osteogenesis-matched degradation properties.A new nHA/α-CSH composite consisting of vancomycin and rhBMP-2 was developed,and the present study assessed its efficiency in vitro and in a rabbit femur defect model.