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中国是世界上人口结构转变速度最快的国家之一,人口结构转变对中国经济发展造成了深远的影响。在此国情之下,对人口结构转变影响经济增长的路径进行梳理,并分析这些路径对当前和未来经济增长会发生怎样的作用,显得十分有意义。本文首先对涉及人口结构转变和经济增长的相关文献以及中国人口结构转变现状进行梳理,其次利用扩展的索罗模型和VAR模型对人口结构转变对经济增长的影响进行理论研究,最后分别从劳动力供给、居民储蓄和人力资本积累三个方面对人口结构作用于经济增长的途径进行了具体分析。
China is one of the fastest-transitioning population structures in the world. The demographic transition has had a profound impact on China’s economic development. Under this national situation, it is very meaningful to sort out the path of changes in population structure that affect economic growth and analyze the role these paths will play in the current and future economic growth. This paper first reviews the relevant literature on the demographic transition and economic growth and the current situation of China’s demographic transition. Secondly, the extended Solo model and VAR model are used to study the impact of demographic transition on economic growth. Finally, from the labor supply , Household savings and human capital accumulation in three aspects of the role of population structure in economic growth, a specific analysis.