窄行匀播对晚播冬小麦群体环境、个体性状和物质生产的影响

来源 :第十七次全国小麦栽培科学学术研讨会 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:fengaitong1983
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  为提高"冬小麦—夏玉米"一年两熟制资源利用效率,近年来广泛推行"冬小麦晚播、夏玉米晚收"的"双晚"栽培模式,在此种植模式下,为了稳定或提高晚播冬小麦的群体产量,通常会增大播量,而在大播量下如何调节群体分布形式、减少个体间竞争是晚播小麦极为重要的生产问题.为了明确行距和行内种子分布形式对华北平原晚播冬小麦群体生长的影响,本研究以济麦22为试验材料,在晚播条件下设置3种行距(10 cm、15 cm、20cm)和2种行内种子分布形式[随机分布(R)和均匀分布(A)]处理,考察了不同处理冬小麦的冠层结构与环境特征、个体性状、生物量累积及产量性能.结果表明:在相同播种量下较小行距比较大行距、种子均匀分布比非均匀分布群体叶面积较大,冠层下部漏光较少,温度较低且相对湿度较高;缩小行距或增加行内种子分布均匀度使群体内个体间植株性状差异缩小,穗层分布趋向均匀,花后物质积累量增加,穗粒重增加,最终产量提高.10 cm行距的产量高于15 cm行距、显著高于20 cm行距;在15 cm和20 cm行距下植株均匀分布处理产量显著高于非均匀分布处理的产量.综合研究认为,窄行匀播是华北平原干旱缺水地区提高晚播小麦群体产量的有效措施.
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