One-dimensional nanowires and microfibers from small molecules or π-conjugated polymers are important building blocks for the fabrication of nanoelectronic devices and provide model systems for charge transport in organic semiconductors under nanoscopic confinement.We investigated the relationship between molecular structure,supramolecular arrangement of the chromophores,and charge transport within self-assembled nanowires from perylene bisimides with oligopeptide-polymer side chains.