Heavy metal ions and radionuclides in the natural environmental have attracted world attention because of their hazardous to the environment and human health.Thereby, the elimination of the pollutants is crucial and different kinds of natural materials such as oxides and minerals and manmade nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes have been investigated extensively to evaluation their potential application in the removal of pollutants.Although nanomaterials have high sorption capacity in the adsorption of pollutants from aqueous solution, the non-selectivity of the nanomaterials restricted the application of nanomaterials in real applications.Herein, we reported a novel method, plasma technique, to modify functional groups on the surface of nanomaterials to make them highly selectively removal the pollutants from large volumes of aqueous solutions.The plasma technique is an environmental friendly method to graft functional groups on the surface of materials without destroy the structure of the materials.