Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a two-week course of radiotherapy with oral capecitabine in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.Methods: Eighty patients with mid to low rectal cancer and staged as T3-4 N0.2 M0 were prospectively enrolled.The subjects underwent preoperative chemoradiotherapy and curative surgery.A radiation dose of 33 Gy in 10 fractions was delivered to the pelvis of each patient for two weeks.One cycle of oral capecitabine was administered at 1,650 mg/m2/day during radiotherapy.Tumor response and toxicity were the study endpoints.This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov(number, NCT01431599).