This articletakes the unbalance posture of coal mining and using in Chinas current economic transition process as a start point of research.Based on reviewing coal development procession after the industrial revolution and the relevant research,the theoretical proposition with Chinese characteristics are put forward.By integrated analyzes two aspects between economy and society,we pointed out the future development of Chinas coal industry strategic choice.The result shows:()In summary,it is found that coal mining makes enormous contribution to the growth of the world economy,meanwhile,we also paid irreparable loss for the cost of resources and environment.At present,Chinas coal mining exhibits a unbalance posture that the coal output breakthrough "scientific boundary",surviving environment approach "ecology bottom line" and coal mine accidents across "harmonious mainline".)Theoretical analysis,Chinas coal mining imbalances reasons are mainly caused by government failure and market failure,on the basis,three kind of mining are distinguished,the contributive mining in economy,risk mining that caused by market failure,and disastrous mining caused by government intervention excessive and exclusion of market system.③While concerned realization strategic choice,the primary mission is through property right system reform and innovation of management system to eliminate catastrophic mining as soon as possible.On this basis,increase investment of science and technology for coal industry to promote coal mining safety,provides harmonious and stable energy guarantee for economy development.Finally,through the construction of clean energy,coal imports and improve efficiency to create conditions for contributed coal mining,and then dissolve coal unbalance situation,promote social and economic sustainable development.