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Background: Ovarian infertility and premature ovarian failure (POF) are the main damages caused by chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatment in young female patients.Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist(GnRH-a) and antagonist (GnRH-ant) have been widely used to prevent ovarian failure and irreversible infertility in these patients.However, the molecular mechanisms of GnRH-a and GnRH-ant in ovarian function have not been known clearly.Methods: Mice (C57BL/6) granulose cells (GCs) were separated from mice ovaries treated with GnRH-a, GnRH-ant or chemotherapeutic drugs (Cyclophosphamide).The mRNA and protein expression of Anti-M üllerian hormone (AMH) and stem cell factor (SCF, c-Kit) were examined by real-time PCR and Western blot.Results: We showed that GnRH-ant significantly reduced AMH expression and induced SCF expression in GCs.Whereas, GnRH-a did not have significant effects on the expression of AMH and SCF.Most importantly, we found that GnRH-ant enhanced chemotherapeutic drugs-caused decrease of AMH and increase of SCF expression.Conclusion: GnRH-a and GnRH-ant played different roles in regulating the expression of autocrine/paracrine factors AMH and SCF.GnRH-ant showed an inhibitory effect on prevention of chemotherapeutic agents-induced ovarian failure.