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目的初探公平因素在框架效应下是否对公民的风险决策造成影响。方法招募被试160名,发放由亚洲疾病问题改编的问卷,分别以获益与损失框架进行描述。160名被试分4组完成决策问题,对其决策结果进行评估。结果在相对公平与相对不公平的两种情况下,分别以正负框架描述方案结局时,人们的倾向不同。在相对公平的情况下,以正框架描述,人们显著倾向保守方案(3.02±1.46);当以负框架描述时,人们显著倾向冒险方案(4.15±1.37),此时,框架效应显著(t=3.57,P<0.01)。而在相对不公平的情况下,无论以正框架或以负框架描述,人们均倾向冒险方案(4.75±1.21,4.95±0.90),此时,并没有发现显著的框架效应(t=0.84,P=0.41)。且无论以正框架描述,还是以负框架描述,相较于相对不公平的情况,在相对公平的情况下,人们均更倾向于保守方案(t正框架=5.77,P<0.01;t负框架=3.09,P<0.01)。结论在相对公平的情况下,人们能够接受确定方案,选择风险规避;而在相对不公平的情况下,此时,无论以何种框架描述,决策者都会更加追求公平正义,而倾向冒险。框架效应仅出现在保守方案与冒险方案公平性接近的时候,说明公平感对风险决策有重要影响。
Objective To explore whether the fairness factor has an impact on citizens’ risk decision-making under the framework effect. Methods A total of 160 participants were recruited and questionnaires adapted from the Asian Disease Question were issued, describing the benefits and losses respectively. 160 subjects were divided into 4 groups to complete the decision-making questions and evaluate their decision-making results. Results In two cases, which are relatively fair and relatively unfair, people tend to have different tendencies when describing the outcome of the program in positive and negative frames respectively. In the case of relative fairness, people tend to be conservative (3.02 ± 1.46) in the positive frame description; people tend to risk adventures in the negative frame (4.15 ± 1.37), and the frame effect is significant (t = 3.57, P <0.01). However, in the relatively unfair situation, people tend to take the risk-taking program (4.75 ± 1.21, 4.95 ± 0.90) both in the positive frame and the negative frame. At this moment, no significant frame effect was found (t = 0.84, P = 0.41). And both in the case of relative fairness and in the relatively unfair situation, people tend to be conservative (t + 5.77, P <0.01; t) = 3.09, P <0.01). Conclusion Under relatively fair circumstances, people can accept the definite plan and choose the risk aversion. In the case of relative unfairness, at this moment, the decision-makers will be more pursuit of fairness and justice and risk taking no matter what the framework is. The effect of the framework appears only when the fairness of the conservative and adventurous approaches is close, indicating that the sense of fairness has a significant impact on the risk decision.