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Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimotos disease) is the most common type of inflammation of the thyroid gland.Although its etiopathogenesis is still unclear, it is defined as a polygenic disorder developing as the result of complex reactions between genetic and environmental factors.These factors lead to the breakdown of natural resistance to self-antigens and the development of auto-reactive lymphoeytes and immunoglobulins.Environmental factors which play an important role in the development of autoimmune thyroiditis include iodine excess, interferon alpha and bacterial and viral infections.