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Osteoporosis leads to increased bone fractures and net bone loss, in part because of dysfunctional bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs).Leptin is an adipokine that plays important roles in many biological processes, including regulating the actions of mesenchymal stem cells.The aim of this study was to investigate the osteogenic effects of leptin in osteoporotic BMSCs in vitro and in vivo.The leptin gene was transferred into BMSCs isolated from osteoporotic rats by using recombinant adenoviruses.After the gene and protein expressions of leptin confirming, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays were used to assess the effect of leptin on cell viability.