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Objective To study the time-course and dose-response of chromosome aberrations in human blood lymphocyte induced by heavy ion irradiation.Methods Human blood lymphocyte were exposed to heavy ion 12C at the irradiation doses of 0.1Gy,0.3Gy,0.5Gy,0.7Gy,1.0Gy,2.0Gy and the dose rate was 0.3-0.5 Gy/min.The division metaphase cells were collected at 48 h and 72 h post-irradiation.Colchicines was added to the samples 2 h before collecting.For these assays,300 cells were scored per dose and time-point to study the relationship of chromosome aberration cell rate,double + ring aberration rate and the unstable chromosome aberration rate.Results The chromosome aberration cell rate,double + ring aberration rate and the unstable chromosome aberration rate increased at 48 h,72 h post-irradiation with the increase of dose.At 48 h chromosome aberration cell rate,double + ring aberration rate and the unstable chromosome aberration rate were higher than that were at 72 h; The dose-response of chromosome aberration cell rate,double + ring aberration rate and the unstable chromosome aberration rate followed to a linear-quadratic model.Conclusion In summary,our data provide further evidence that there is time-course effect in human blood lymphocyte chromosome aberration induced by heavy ion irradiation.At the dose range of 0~2 Gy,the number of chromosome aberrations increase with dose.