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One novel and less toxic gene carrier, stearyl protamine (SP) was synthesized.The weight percentages of stearyl groups for SPs (denoted as SP1, SP2 and SP3) were determined to be 2.5, 3.0 and 5.5, respectively.All SP/DNA complexes were smaller than 150 nm at the evaluated weight ratios.In vitro studies of transfection efficiency of SPs were investigated in cultured H1299 human lung cancer cell.SP3 showed higher transfection efficiency than protamine, SP 1 and SP2.