一、后过程考古学的含义后过程考古学是相对于过程考古学而言的。顾名思义,后过程考古学是指在过程考古学的基础上发展到了超越过程考古学的一种深度,从而进入了一个新的发展阶段,因此称之为后过程考古学。后过程考古学的代表人物是伊恩·霍德,他在其论文《后过程的考古学》中对行为主义和过程主义进行了批判,他的一些基本观点总结如下:第一,人应该被看作是主动的人,他们能动地变革社会的规则,创造或修正由个人所组成的社会的结构,各种对立面的划分乃是基于主动和被动的区别,它们相互 First, the process of archeology after the process of archeology is relative to the process of archeology. As the name suggests, the post-process archeology is based on the process of archeology developed to a depth beyond the process of archeology, which entered a new stage of development, so called after-process archeology. After the process of archeology is the representative of Ian Hod, he in his essay “archeology of post-process” on the behaviorism and the process of criticism, some of his basic ideas are summarized as follows: First, people should be As proactive people, they are capable of transformative social rules and create or modify the structure of a society composed of individuals. The division of various contradictions is based on the difference between active and passive,