餐厨废油脂合成钙皂的研究

来源 :中国化学会全国第十二届有机合成化学学术研讨会 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:xzddlz
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餐厨废油脂来源于餐饮业、单位食堂及家庭烹炸食物变质后的废弃物,经过化工厂简单的加热去渣、脱水、酸碱中和、过滤沉淀等工艺提取加工得到的。所得产品组成成分的数值发生变化,如:酸值、皂化值升高,颜色加深,味感变差,有特殊的气味;除了主要成为三甘油酯,还含有大量对人体有害的化学成分,是不可再次食用的废油。为防止回流餐桌,必需拓展其用途,其中合成金属皂是一个重要方向。目前工业上制备金属皂,大部分采用的是复分解法工艺合成法,首先是:将氢氧化钠溶液与废油脂中进行皂化生成钠皂,即氢氧化钠与甘油酯和游离酸反应;第二步是:钠皂再与钙盐进行反应得到钙皂粗产品,经冷却、沉淀析出、洗涤抽滤、干燥,得到钙皂的成品。本文研究了餐厨废油脂和氧化钙,在双氧水的催化作用下直接合成金属钙皂的方法。探讨反应过程中皂化温度、皂化时间、物料比和水油体积比、催化剂用量对钙皂反应的影响。初步确定最佳的工艺条件:反应温度95℃,反应时间6h,催化剂(H202)用量10mL、物料比50:7、油水比1:4.5,在此条件下,皂化率达95%,样品为干燥的浅黄色块状物,产率可达96.23%。
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