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国家责任指国家对其国际不法行为或损害行为所应承担的国际法律责任。凡违反国际法所赋予该当事国义务的行为都是国际不法行为.违法国必须为此承担法律上的后果,即法律责任。国家责任是现代国际法中一项十分重要的法律制度.它是保证各国及其他国际法主体遵守国际法规范的必要法律手段。可以毫不夸张地说.否定国家责任将毁灭国际法。因为否定就实施不法行为所应负的责任.也就取消了各国按照国际法行事的义务。长期以来。国家责任制度一直是国际法学界关注的一个专题。2001年12月,联合国国际法委员会二读通过的《国家对国际不法行为
State responsibility refers to the international legal responsibility that a State should assume for an internationally wrongful act or damage. Any violation of the obligations imposed on the State party under international law is an internationally wrongful act, and the lawless State must bear the legal consequence, legal liability, for that purpose. State responsibility is a very important legal system in modern international law, and it is the necessary legal means to ensure that the main body of States and other international law comply with the norms of international law. It is no exaggeration to say that the denial of State responsibility will destroy international law. Negating responsibility for the commission of wrongful acts also removes the obligation of all States to act in accordance with international law. For a long time. The system of State responsibility has always been a topic of concern to international jurisprudence. In December 2001, the United Nations Commission on International Law passed the Second Reading of “State Responsibility for Internationally Illegal Activities.”