Objective It has been investigated that professional training can induce plastic changes in brain structures that are associated with distinct training demands.We hypothesized that regional gray matter structures in the motor-related cortex and its functional connectivity are altered by diving training in young diving athletes.Methods Using 3 Tesla T1-voxel-based morphometry(VBM)structural and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging in groups of 15 diving athletes(DA)and age-and gender-matched healthy controls.