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Background: An increasing number of studies reveal that rnicroRNA polymorphisms may have different effects in different population.Yet, the association of two common polymorphisms of miRNA, mir-196a2 rs11614913 polymorphism and mir-146a rs2910164, with cancer risk in Chinese population has not been investigated so far.Methods: Data were extracted from 27 published case-control studies which investigated the association of either or both miRNA polymorphisms with cancer risk in Chinese population.Subgroup analyses were carried out to further explore underlying association.All statistical tests were performed using Stata software 12.0.All P value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant in the study, and all the P values were two-sided.Results: The results demonstrated that rs11614913 polymorphism was associated with increased cancer risk for the comparison of CC vs.TT and CC vs.CT+TT in Chinese population.When stratified by cancer type, rs11614913 polymorphism was associated with colorectal cancer (CT vs.TT∶ OR =1.28, 95% CI: 1.05-1.57; CC+CT vs.TT∶ OR =1.31, 95% CI: 1.02-1.67), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (CC vs.TT∶ OR =1.27, 95% CI: 1.02-1.58; CC vs.CT∶ OR =1.32, 95% CI: 1.03-1.70; CC vs.CT+TT∶ OR=.1.30, 95% CI: 1.05 -1.60).For the rs2910164 polymorphism, significant differences were observed in overall pooled analysis.And in cancer type-subgroup analysis, significant associations were also found in esophageal cancer, (GG vs.GC+CC,OR =1.27,95% CI: 1.03-1.58), gastric cancer (GG vs.GC, OR =1.68, 95% CI: 1.10-2.57; GC vs.CC, OR =1.58, 95% CI: 1.14-2.21; GG+GC vs.CC, OR =1.61, 95% CI: 1.18-2.20) and other cancer types(GG vs GC, OR =1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.28; GG+GC vs.CC, OR =1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.27).When stratified by gender and smoking status, it was observed that the rs2910164 polymorphism genotype GG was associated with increased cancer risk in smokers, non-smokers and men and there was no significant association of rs11614913 polymorphism and cancer risk in Chinese population.Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggested that rs11614913 genotype CC was associated with increased cancer risk, notably HCC and colorectal cancer, and rs2910164 genotype GG was associated with an increased risk in various cancers, notably HCC and cervical cancer, in Chinese population.