The root exudates of Radix pseudostellariae,working as a chemical language between plants and microbes,can deteriorate the microbial community in the rhizosphere in a consecutive monoculture system.We assessed the effects of artificially applied R.pseudostellariae root exudates on R.pseudostellariae seedling growth,rhizosphere soil microbial communities,and soil physicochemical properties.We found the effect of phenolic acids and organic acids acted as a driver of changes to the microbial community.High throughput sequencing and qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the treatment of phenolic acids significantly decreased the relative abundance of Trichoderma,Penicillium,Pseudomonadales,Xanthomonadales,and Streptomycetales.The organic acids had a significant negative effect on the relative abundance of Pseudomonadales and Streptomycetales,which led to significantly increased abundance of Fusarium,Xanthomonadales,Micrococcales,and Gemmatim onadales.Analysis based on the non-invasive micro-test techniqueindicated that the root exudates increased the H+ efflux and plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity in the pathogenic fungi and decreased them in the beneficial fungi.This created an acidic environment for the inhibition of beneficial bacteria and accumulation of specialized plant pathogens.This study explains the mechanisms behind microflora shift and structure disorder caused by root exudates in a continuously monoculturedR.pseudostellariae rhizosphere soil through chemical language.