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变革与发展是20世纪拉美历史的主旋律,在这百年历史中,拉美的发展进程经历了四个阶段,经济发展模式发生了从初级产品出口到初级进口替代工业化、高级进口替代工业化、新型出口导向模式的转变,政治发展模式发生了从寡头威权主义到民众威权主义、官僚威权主义、代议制民主政治的转变。推动这些转变的根本动力是生产力水平的提高,但直接动力则来自改革与革命,拉美各国的进步势力为追求发展进行了不懈的努力,尝试了多种变革的途径和模式,最终带来拉美现代化的长足进步。但由于改革和革命的局限性,拉美社会仍有许多旧的体制残余被保留,为了实现真正的发展和社会公正,为了摆脱国家的依附地位,拉美人又开始了新一轮的为争取变革与发展的斗争,他们在尝试建立“21世纪的社会主义”。
In this centuries-old history, the process of development in Latin America has gone through four stages. The mode of economic development has taken place from the primary product export to the primary import substitution and industrialization, the advanced import substitution and industrialization, and the new export-oriented The change of modes led to the change of the mode of political development from oligarchic authoritarianism to popular authoritarianism, bureaucratic authoritarianism and representative democracy. The fundamental driving force behind these changes is the improvement of the productive forces. However, direct power comes from reform and revolution. The progressive forces in various Latin American countries made unrelenting efforts to pursue development, tried various avenues and modes of change, and finally brought about the modernization of Latin America Great progress. However, due to the limitations of reform and revolution, many remaining remnants of the old system are still retained in Latin American society. In order to achieve real development and social justice, and in order to get rid of the dependent status of the country, the Latin Americans have started a new round of reforms aimed at reform and The struggle for development, they are trying to establish “21st century socialism ”.