Humoral regulatory mechanisms of hormones secretion in the anterior pituitary (AP) are considered to be significant in neuroendocrinology.But some researches have showed that a considerable amount of peptidergic nerve fibers were located in the mammalian AP,and they made classical synaptic contacts with gland cells,which implied the existence of neural regulation of AP.So Professor Ju presented the hypothesis of neural-humoral dual regulation of the AP in mammals.Recently functional studies demonstrated the excitatory-inhibitory dual effects of nerve fibers in the AP on ACTH secretion by stimulating AP slices in vitro,which indicated that the nervous elements may exert fast regulation to the AP under some physiological status,such as stress.