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The Copula theory was applied to construct the joint distribution of annual runoff of Da Tong hydrological station in Yangtze River Basin and Lu Taizi hydrological station in Huaihe River Basin.The synchronous-asynchronous encounter probability of annual runoff was analyzed.The results show that the probability of wet year in both basins is 20.6#, the probability of dry year in both basins is 19.4#, the probability of wet year in Yangtze River Basin is 37.7# and the probability of wet year in Yangtze River Basin but dry year in Huaihe River Basin is 8.5#.Therefore, the annual runoff of both basins has compensative characteristics, water may be transferred from Yangtze River Basin to Huaihe River Basin.