Since the very first transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of solution grown polyethylene single crystals triggering the concept of folded-chain polymer crystals,continuously state-of-the-art real space imaging by high-resolution microscopy has inspired scientists to explore and establish new fundamental insights in the area of polymer science.Until today,many microscopy techniques are developed to image the organization of polymer (and other) materials with nanometer or even atomic resolution,and numerous experimental methodologies are discovered to e.g.stabilize the electron beam sensitive polymer materials during TEM observation or to create contrast between components and phases.