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Wheat stem rust was once the most destructive though it has been successfully under control mainly through genetic methods guided by the information of close surveillance of race and virulence of the pathogen in most countries including China.Surveys were conducted in 2012 ~ 2013 in order to determine the races of the pathogen present and monitor Ug99 in China.Low level of stem rust infections was found in China during the investigation and 11 Pgt samples were obtained.However, 22 Pgt samples collected from the alternate host Berbers were gained for the first time.A total of 53 isolates were isolated from all the samples.Four race groups including 13 physiological races were identified using 4 standard differentials, 5 national assist differentials and the 20 North American stem rust differential series, which included the most prevalent races 34C3RTGQM and 34OroIIMRGQM at 13.2% predominance, followed by race 34MRGQM at 11.3%.Six new races having virulence to Sr5 + Sr11 were found for the first time in China, namely 34MRGQM, 34OroⅡ MTGSM, 34OroⅡ MRGQM, 34C3RTGQM, 34C3RKGQM,34C3RKGSM at 11.3%, 1.9%, 13.2%, 13.2%, 9.4% and 9.4%, respectively.Most of single genes were ineffective against one or more of the tested isolates except Sr9e, Sr26, Sr31, Sr38, Sr47 and SrTt3.Sr genes35, 33, Tmp, 30, 37, 17 and 36 were effective in 92.5%、 90.6%、 86.8%、84.9%、 84.9%、 79.3% and 77.4% of the tested isolates, respectively.In contrast, all of the isolates were virulent to Sr6, Sr7b, Sr9a, Sr9b, Sr9d, Sr9g and SrMcN.Our results indicated that that remarkable differences existed between the categories of these races (or the known virulence genes spectrum) and the Pgt races or the virulence genes spectrum reported previously.In addition, the sexual cycle of the fungus may contribute to the diversity of Pgt in China.