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医疗过失的处罚范围反映了国家对医疗安全底线的保障。在英国,处罚的对象限于“重大”医疗过失。与民事上的医疗过失相比,在偏离“合理的注意及能力标准”这一点上是相通的,但是,“重大”体现为偏离的程度更大。具体而言,首先,从事医疗的前提严重欠缺会引发“重大”的医疗过失。其次,在主观的罪责心理方面,“重大”医疗过失虽然不限于对危险有认识的情况,但是至少应该包括没有认识到“显著且重大”危险的情况。最后,医学判断错误应从刑事处罚的对象中排除出去。
The scope of punishment for medical negligence reflects the state’s guarantee of the medical safety bottom line. In the UK, the object of punishment is limited to “major” medical mistakes. Compared with civil medical malpractice, it is similar to deviation from “reasonable attention and competence standard”, however, “major ” is more deviant. Specifically, first, a serious lack of medical care presupposes a medical error that leads to “major” illness. Second, in terms of subjective guilt and psychology, “major ” medical malpractice, although not limited to the case of awareness of danger, should at least include the failure to recognize the “significant and significant” danger. Finally, medical judgment errors should be excluded from the criminal penalties.