Kinetic simulations based on a reduce model are carried out to study dynamic evolutions of multiple toroidicity-induced shear Alfvén eigenmodes (TAE) driven by energetic particles.It is found that pas
The physics mechanism of the low (L) to high (H) confinement transition in toroidal plasmas has been a long term focus and topic of interest.Understanding the transition physics is not only essential
We explore the global stability and coherence of dynamical systems using the well known reversible Schnakenberg model as an example.We uncovered the non-equilibrium phase transition from the original
The problem of cooperation is essentially captured by the Prisoners’ Dilemma (PD) game.However,people often cooperate in social dilemmas.Two important explanations for the evolution of cooperation are
In this work,we analyze a variant of the Kuramoto model with an additional higher-order coupling term,in which oscillators with positive first-order coupling strength are conformists and oscillators w