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Objective To investigate the metabolic characteristics in obesity prone(OP)and obesity resistant(OR)rats induced by a high fat diet.Methods Sixty male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were fed with a high fat diet for 3 wk and the OP and OR rats were selected according to their body weight gain.All the rats were fed with their respective diets for another 12wk to promote the development of obesity.Then one-half of the rats in each group(OP,OR and Control)were placed on a food restriction schedule and were allowed access to 50% of their individual baseline mean daily food intake each day,while the other half were maintained on ad libitum food for 2 wk,and the body weight,body length,energy intake(EI),basal metabolic rate(BMR),resting metabolic rate(RMR)and basal energy expenditure(BEE)were measured.Results After 15wk of HFD ad libitum feeding period,OP rats had significantly higher(P < 0.01)body weight,Lees Index and BMI than the other two groups.There was no significant differences between OR and Control group in body weight.In the ad libitum feeding state,no group differences(P > 0.05)were found in EI.BMR for OP was a little lower than that of Control group,while BMR for OR was significantly higher(P < 0.05)than the other groups.Diet restriction led to a reduction in BMR in all groups.OR rats showed a significantly greater reduction in BMR(P <0.05).Conclusion There are significant differences between OP and OR rats in BMR either in HFD ad libitum condition or diet restrict feeding state.OR rat has the ability to sense and respond to energy imbalance accurately while the system in OP is blunted.