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1 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesAcyl-coenzyme A∶cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) catalyzes the formation of cholesteryl ester from cholesterol and long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A, and is a key enzyme in the cellular cholesterol metabolism.So far, two human ACAT1 isoforms (50-and 56-kD) have been identified.We have previously reported that the expression of 50-kD isoform and chromosome 1-derived ACAT1 mRNA can be up-regulated by the inflammatory factor interferon-g (IFN-g) or tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) specifically in human monocytic cells.