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To study the expression of N - myc downstream regulated gene 1(NDRG1) in e-sophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Method;The S -P immunohistochemical method was employed to detect the expression of NDRG1 in 49 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, mucosa adjacent to cancer and normal mucosa of esophageal carcinoma. Results: 1) There were no difference in the positive expression rate of NDRG1 protein in cancerous tissues, mucosa adjacent to cancer and normal mucosa ( P > 0. 05) ,but protein expression levels were different. In normal mucosa , mucosa adjacent to cancer and cancerous tissues, the expression rate in low expression level( + ) were: 8.2％ ,65.3％ ,81.6％ ; the expression rates of high expression level( + + ) were: 87.7％ ,13.0％ ,8.1％ , and they had significantly difference ( P <0.01). 2) The protein expression rates of different differentiation levels( High level to low level) of e-sophageal carcinoma were 85.7％ ,91.3％ ,91.7％ , they had no difference (P> 0.05).3) There were no difference of protein expression rates in esophageal carcinoma no matter they had or hadn,t lymphnode metastasis. Conclusions; The protein expression of NDRG1 is lower in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and hasn,t related to the differentiation levels of esophageal carcinoma and with or without lymphnode metastasis . The low expression of NDRG1 may be related to the occurring of esophageal carcinoma.