The increasing interest in targeted therapies mandates a need to identify patients who may benefit from these treatments.In turn, this has driven the development of diagnostics earlier into the drug development cycle.This presentation will contemplate molecular diagnostics for the exciting field of targeted therapies against NSCLC which present unique diagnostic challenges.Numerous oncogenic mutations in NSCLC have been identified and several of these alterations, such as EGFR mutation and ALK gene rearrangement, have a high prevalence in Asian populations.