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以积极避免债务人破产为使命的重整制度弥补了和解与破产清算制度的不足,立足于以积极措施拯救债务人,担当了维护社会整体利益的角色。建立重整制度,拯救困境企业,是当代破产法改革和发展的大势所趋。本文从分析重整制度的理论根据入手,对重整制度的起源及历史发展进程进行了研究,并分析比较了先进发达国家及我国台湾地区的重整制度相关规定,结合对我国重整制度立法进程及新破产法实施以来我国影响力较大案例的阐述,浅析了我国设置重整法律制度的必要性,从而进一步从制度和立法两方面提出了重整制度的缺陷及完善对策。首先,在制度方面,存在的问题有:占有中的债务人制度存在债务人逃废债务之虞;重整制度对担保物权的限制影响交易安全;我国社会保障和社会救济体系的不完善可能导致重整制度承担过多防止职工失业的制度压力等。笔者提出的完善建议有:完善对重整程序的监督制度、维护交易安全的相关制度、社会保障和社会救济体系及相关司法制度。其次,针对立法方面的不足,笔者提出的补救措施有:为防止权利被滥用,应借鉴限制型国家的立法规定对重整制度的适用范围进行调整,应限制在大型公司(股份有限公司和较大的有限责任公司)之内;严格限制重整程序的启动门槛,对于债务人提出申请的,建议制定听证前置程序;对于债权人申请重整的,应借鉴其他破产立法较为成熟国家的法律规定,对债权人的人数及债权额度进行适当的限制,以防止恶意债权人滥用申请权利,损害债务人利益;应补充控制债务人自行管理财产和营业实务权利的限制规定,并实现管理人对“占有中的债务人”监督的日常化、程序化及系统化;应补充完善上市公司重整中的有关信息披露制度的规定,保护债权人合法权益。
The system of reorganization, which actively avoids the debtor’s bankruptcy, has made up for the lack of reconciliation and bankruptcy liquidation systems. It is based on the active measures to save the debtor and play the role of safeguarding the interests of society as a whole. The establishment of a reorganization system and the rescue of enterprises in difficulties are the general trend of the reform and development of contemporary bankruptcy law. Based on the analysis of the theoretical basis of the reorganization system, this paper studies the origin of the reorganization system and the historical development process, and analyzes and compares the relevant provisions of the reorganization system in advanced and developed countries and Taiwan in China. Combining with the reform of our country’s reorganization system legislation Process and the new case of bankruptcy law since the implementation of our case of greater influence on the analysis of the necessity of setting up a reform of the legal system in our country to further from the system and legislation proposed the defects of the restructuring system and improve the countermeasures. First of all, there are some problems in the system: the debtor system in existence poses the risk of the debtor escaping debt; the restriction of the real right of the reorganization system affects the transaction security; the imperfection of the social security and social relief system in our country may lead to the heavy The whole system bear too much pressure on the system to prevent workers from being unemployed. The author puts forward some suggestions for perfection: to perfect the supervision system of the reorganization procedure, the system of safeguarding the transaction security, the social security and social relief system and the relevant judicial system. Secondly, in order to solve the problem of legislation, the remedies that the author puts forward are as follows: In order to prevent abuse of rights, we should refer to the legislative provisions of restrictive countries to adjust the scope of application of the system of reorganization, which should be restricted to large-sized companies Large limited liability companies); strict restrictions on the threshold of the reorganization process, the debtor to apply, it is recommended to develop a hearing procedures; for creditors to apply for reorganization, we should learn from other countries more mature bankruptcy laws and regulations, Appropriate limits should be set on the number of creditors and the amount of creditor’s rights so as to prevent malicious creditors from abusing the right to apply for damages and damaging the interests of the debtor; and the restrictions on the control over the debtor’s own right to manage property and business operations should be supplemented and the debtor of possession "Supervision of the routine, procedural and systematic; should be added to improve the reform of listed companies in the disclosure of the provisions of the system to protect the legitimate rights and interests of creditors.