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The removal of biologically refractory organic matter (ROM)is an important issue in wastewater reclamation.The performance of microfiltration combined with photocatalysis has been investigated regarding the removal of ROM from secondary effluent.Also,the effect of photocatalytic pretreatments on reverse osmosis (RO)filtration was evaluated.The effect of colloidal particles in secondary effiuent on ROM removal and membrane fouling was found not so significant initially but in later stages due to their accumulation.Gas backwashing controlled membrane fouling more effciently and consumed considerably less energy than acration.Higher ROM removal emciency was achieved without aeration than that with aeration because air bubbles interfered with photolysis.RO membrane fouling was reduced significantly with photocatalysis.