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Limestone and slag exert physico-chemical effects on cement hydration and the resultant microstructure.In limestone containing cements, the carbonate species interact with the dissolved aluminates to form carboaluminates, thus stabilizing ettringite.Reaction of slag mainly produces additional C-S-H and a hydrotalcite phase;refining the pore structure.Recent literature suggests an enhancement of the carbonate-aluminate interactions in ternary systems of OPC, limestone and alumina-rich SCMs such as fly ash and slag.Both limestone and SCM exert a filler effect on the cement clinker.However, insufficient information exists on the threshold of limestone-slag combination which maximizes the physico-chemical benefits.Optimizing the limestone-slag content offers the additional benefit of lowering the clinker and/or SCM contents in composite systems.