本文对成分为3.56%C及16.2%Cr的共晶高铬铸铁采用定向凝固的方法,获得了碳化物呈不同粗细的纤维状定向排列的试样。对它们进行了湿砂橡胶轮磨损、三体磨损、冲蚀磨损及冲击韧性试验,并以砂型铸造的试样作为对比。结果表明:在碳化物数量、碳化物类型及基体组织均保持恒定的条件下,碳化物垂直于磨损面定向排列时,耐磨性最高,尤其是在软磨料低角度冲蚀磨损的情况下,其耐磨性比砂型铸造试样的高156%。至于碳化物的粗细与耐磨性的关系与磨损条件有关,并不都是碳化物愈细耐磨性愈好。当碳化物纤维尺寸相同时,冲击方向与纤维相平行时的冲击韧性与砂型铸造的十分接近。 In this paper, the directional solidification method of eutectic high chromium cast iron with 3.56% C and 16.2% Cr was used to obtain the samples with different thickness and orientation of the carbides. They were wet-rubber wheel wear, three-body wear, erosion wear and impact toughness test, and sand casting samples as a comparison. The results show that when the amount of carbides, the type of carbides and the structure of the matrix are kept constant, the wear resistance is highest when the carbides are arranged perpendicularly to the wear surface. Especially in the case of low-angle abrasion of soft abrasive, Its abrasion resistance is 156% higher than sand casting samples. As for the relationship between carbide thickness and wear resistance and wear conditions, not all the more fine carbide wear better. When the carbide fibers have the same size, the impact toughness in the direction of impact parallel to the fiber is very close to that of sand casting.