Temperate grasslands in China are the third largest grassland area in the world, constituting an integral part of the Eurasian grassland ecosystem to the east of the continent, and play important role in global climate change and terrestrial carbon cycle.In this report, we analyzed Chinese temperate grassland and its responses to historical atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate variability during 1951~2007.The results indicated that the net primary productivity (NPP) in temperate grasslands has higher sensitivity to precipitation than to temperature.Inter-annual variations of NPP and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) are similar to the case of precipitation variability alone.