The utility of nanofibrous electrospun composite scaffolds has attracted much interest in servingas drug delivery vehicles in recent years. In this present study, we attempted to first encapsulate ananticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX) using an inorganic rod-like nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA). Then, theDOX-loaded n-HA particles were mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) solution to fabricateelectrospun hybrid nanofibers. The formed drug-loaded composite nanofibers were characterized usingscanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscope andmechanical testing. In vitro DOX release behavior was examined using UV-Vis spectroscopy at neutral andacidic conditions, respectively. We show that DOX is able to be successfully loaded onto the surface of then-HA and the formed composite fibers have a uniform and continuous fibrous morphology. Importantly, theloaded DOX showed a sustained release profile as well as a significant improvement of mechanicaldurability. With the reduced burst-release profile, the organic/inorganic hybrid nanofibers may be able to beused as a drug delivery carrier for encapsulation and sustained release of different drugs for differentbiomedical applications.