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A worldwide use of reverse osmosis (RO) is increasing in seawater desalination and brackish water treatment (1-4).However,many desalination plants using membrane filtration continuously have had problems with membrane fouling.The accurate estimation of a fouling potential and mechanisms at certain feed water conditions are critical for the proper selection of pretreatments as well as the successful operation of RO processes.At present,the silt density index (SDI) is commonly used as a parameter for estimating fouling potentials of feed waters for RO processes.However,the SDI often fails to predict the fouling potential of practical RO processes in which pore plugging is not the major cause of membrane fouling of these non-porous membranes.