The pollen wall consists of two layers: an inner intine and an outer exine which is further divided into sexineand nexine.The material for exine is directly from tapetum.In our previous work, we identify that MS188/MYB80/MYB 103 and TEK are essential regulators for sexine and nexine formation (Zhang et al., 2007;Lou et al, 2014).Both MS188 and TEK are under the direct regulation of AMS in tapetum (Lou et al., 2014).