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Background Mitochondrial thymidine kinase 2(TK2) is one of human deoxynucleoside kinases catalyzing the primary phosphorylation of thymidine and deoxycytidine to the corresponding nucleoside monophosphates.Methods In this study, we report an infant with the myopathic form of mitochondrial DNA (mDNA)depletion syndrome (MDS).We used direct sequencing of TK2 gene and realtime quantitative PCRto detect gene mutations and mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) copy numbers, both in muscle and fibroblast.