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RapidPlan, a commercial knowledge-based optimizer, has been tested on head and neck, lung, esophageal, breast, liver, and prostate cancer patients.To appraise its performance on VMAT planning with simultaneous integrated boosting (SIB) for rectal cancer, this study configured a DVH (dose-volume histogram) estimation model consisting 80 best-effort manual cases of this type.Using the model-generated objectives, the MLC (multileaf collimator) sequences of other 70 clinically approved plans were reoptimized, while the remaining parameters, such as field geometry and photon energy, were maintained.Dosimetric outcomes were assessed by comparing homogeneity index (HI), conformal index (CI), hot spots (volumes receiving over 107% of the prescribed dose, V107%), mean dose and dose to the 50% volume of femoral head (Dmean FH and D50% FH), and urinary bladder (Dmean uB and D50% UB),and the mean DVHplotting.Paired samples t-test or Wilcoxon signed-ranktest suggested that comparable CI were achieved by RapidPlan (0.99 ± 0.04 for PTVboost,and 1.03 ± 0.02 for PTV) and original plans (1.00 ± 0.05 for PTVboost and 1.03 ±0.02 for PTV), respectively (p > 0.05).Slightly improved HI of planning target volume (PTVboost) and PTV were observed in the RapidPlan cases (0.05 ± 0.01 for PTVboost, and 0.26 ± 0.01 for PTV) than the original plans (0.06 ± 0.01 for PTVboost and 0.26 ± 0.01 for PTV),p < 0.05.More cases with positive V107% were found in the original (18 plans) than the RapidPlan group (none).RapidPlan significantly reduced the D50% FH (by 1.53 Gy / 9.86% from 15.52 ± 2.17 to 13.99 ± 1.16 Gy),Dmean FH (by 1.29 Gy / 7.78% from 16.59± 2.07 to 15.30 ± 0.70 G), D50% Ua (by 4.93 Gy / 17.50% from 28.17 ± 3.07 to 23.24± 2.13 Gy), and Dmean UB (by 3.94 Gy / 13.43% from 29.34 ± 2.34 to 25.40 ± 1.36 Gy), respectively.The more concentrated distribution of RapidPlan data points indicated an enhanced consistency of plan quality.