Purpose We evaluated the clinical efficacy and feasibility of one-stage posterior internal fixation,debridement and interbody thoracic fusion in the treatment of thoracic tuberculosis.Methods Sixty adult patients with monosegmental thoracic tuberculosis were studied retrospectively: 34 men and 26 women with an average age of 37.5 years.Operating time,blood loss,time in bed,complications,neurological func-tion,rate of deformity correction and rate of interbody fusion were investigated.Results All cases were followed up for 27.5 months on average.Average mean operating time was 251 min,evalu-ated blood loss during operation 780 ml,rate of kyphosis correction 79%,corrected kyphosis angle 25° and loss of corrected angle 1.2°.Patients whose neurological function improved accounted for 90,1%.Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or C-reactive protein (CRP) decreased to normal levels three months after operation.The rate of bone fusion was 100%,with a 100% cure rate.No severe complications or spinal cord injury occurred.Conclusions This approach can successfully remove the fo-cus of tuberculosis with complete interbody thoracic fusion after operation,which restores spinal stability.